Comparación de la eficiencia de los filtros de macrofitas en flotación FMF, para el tratamiento de aguas de lagos eutróficos.

Abstract

In the present study, the efficiency of the Flotates Macrophyte Filters FMF in the removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus (eutrophic nutrients) were determined for the treatment of waste water in the Laguna de Colta, an ecosystem considered at risk due to the fact that Influenced both by agricultural activities and grazing of communities located on the outskirts, by surface runoff; causing the uncontrolled growth of aquatic plant species process known as eutrophication. To carry out this research three biofilters were built with three replicates each one (B1, B2 and B3); in each biofilter Totora (macrophyte) was used on a floating structure, in order to control its proliferation; thanks to its peculiarity of transporting the oxygen present in the atmosphere and introduce it through its races to the water, allowed the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms that degraded the organic matter and nutrients. Such: Biofilter 1 (B1), Biofilter 2 (B2) and Biofilter 3 (B3), were formed by water from the Laguna de Colta and Totora, being oxygenation and a solution of biologically active minerals and phytohormones (biostimulants for growth of Totora), the control variables used for comparison; made of this characterizations 15 and 30 days after having started with the treatment, obtaining quantitative results sufficient that allowed to determine that the three biofilters (B1, B2 and B3), along with their respective replicas reduced the total nitrogen and phosphates in a percentage higher than 90%. This allowed us to conclude that the FMF Flotates Macrophytes Filters correspond to a green technology and innovative ways development, compared to other conventional treatment, through a correct application could generate in the future a solution to the contamination of aquatic ecosystems by waste water. It is recommened to carry out new tests, which allow to determine the efficiency of the FMF filters against other components with different pollutant loads and at the same time represent an environmental problem.