Evaluación de la eficiencia del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus, en la biodegradación de fenoles en efluentes de procesos de teñido y lavado de jean.

Abstract

The efficacy of the fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, in the biodegradation of phenols in effluents from the process of dyeing and washing jeans, in the canton of Pelileo, province of Tungurahua. For that, the phenol concentration of the collected samples was conserved, stored, cleaned and determined with the protocols estabished by the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 5530; to obtain mycelium Pleurotus ostreatus the fungus was cultivated in agar PDA and incubated at 28 °C for 8 days. After the growth of the fungus, the liquid inoculum is prepared with the agar plates, homogenizing the sample with 250 ml of distilled water. The biodegradable capacity of Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid medium was evaluated on a sample of textile effluent in concentrated phenolic solutions at 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L, complementarily it was determined if the addition of an inducer of the enzymatic capacity improved the biodegradation capacity of the fungus; for this a randomized experimental design was implemented with three replicates for each experiment. A phenol concentration of 0.652 mg/L was determined in the analysed effluen, which is above the máximum allowable discharge into fresh wáter bodies, which is 0.2 mg/L. In each of the experiments, degradation rates greater than 0.5 were determined, conclusive results demonstrating the biodegradability of phenol by Pleurotus ostreatus grown in a liquid médium, in addition it was determined that the extract of wheat straw has a positive effect on the production of lignolytic enzymes of P. ostreatus necessary for the degradation of phenol, by obtaining a higher rate of degradation (0.642) in comparison to the experiment where the extract was not used (0.556). It is recommended to perform daily measurements of the concentration of phenol to determine the time in which P. ostreatus completely degrades the phenol.