Evaluación del estado de degradación y de fertilidad según el uso del suelo en tres agroecosistemas

Abstract

The following investigation proposes: the evaluation of the state of degradation and of fertility according to the use of the soil in three agroecosystems within the community of Naubug which pertains to the “Flores” parish. The experimental design used was the completely randomized design and for erosion the completely randomized block design. Data was registered such as texture, apparent density (g/cm3), hydraulic conductivity (cm/min), pH, organic matter (%), total nitrogen (%), phosphorus (ppm), potassium (meq/100ml), calcium (meq/100ml), magnesium (meq/100ml), water erosion (t/ha/year). The best results for the physical and chemical properties were seen in the high zone agroecosystems where their textures are straightforward with an apparent density of 1,02 g/cm3, hydraulic connectivity of 0,01105 cm/min, with a neutral pH, high content of organic matter with an average of 4,82%, total nitrogen count of 0,18%, phosphorus count of 47,7 ppm, potassium count of 1,01 meq/100ml, calcium count of 28,58 meq/100ml and magnesium count of 5,33 meq/100ml. These parameters indicate little degradation and good fertility of the soil compared to the medium and low zone agroecosystems. Regarding the uses of the soil in the high zone, the barley and quinoa crops were influenced by activities inherent to agriculture such as the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers showing high concentrations of organic matter and total nitrogen count, whereas the hedges obtained the highest values of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The water erosion values of the high and low zones were 0,38 t/ha/year and 0,64t/ha/year respectively which has been interpreted as a range between none to light. The milium grass hedge contributed the most by decreasing the water erosion by 55,8%.

Key words: soil degradation, soil fertility, organic matter, water erosion.