Comprobación de la Actividad Tintorera en Fibras Orgánicas y Sintéticas de la Berberis halliii

Abstract

Berberis halliii, a shrub commonly known as Carrasquilla, contains flavonoids that have dyeing activity on synthetic (polyester) and natural (wool and cotton) fibers. To prove the activity, dyeing tests were carried out with the total ethanolic extract of roots and the ethanolic sub-extract of flavonoids, by dyeing techniques with anterior and posterior mordanting, together the fastness of the dye adhered to the fibers was determined by evaluating the stability to light, humidity, washing, boiling, acids, bases, oxidants and bleaching agents. In addition, the possible flavonoids present in the plant root extract were established by colorimetric identification, separation by chromatographic analysis and possible structure by ultraviolet spectroscopy and application of Woodward and Fieser's rules. The anterior and posterior mordanting allows high yield dyeing in the three fibers wool, cotton and polyester with percentages higher than 95%. But the coloring activity of Berberis halliii has a greater affinity for animal fiber (sheep wool), due to factors such as photosensitivity and enzymatic degradations that influence the texture, appearance and permanence of the color; in synthetic fiber the dyeing is not solid. This research will allow obtaining a range of natural dye yellows to replace artificial dyes that have been commercially discarded due to their toxicity and damage to nature by the contamination of effluents with products that are biodegradable. As well as to collaborate with the personal undertaking of the artisans of the province of Chimborazo that use this dye as a more practical and economical form of raw material.