Optimización del Procesos de Prensado, Líneas de Esmaltación y ProductoTerminado Monoquema del Formato 31 x 31 en la Planta de Azulejos de la C.A. Ecuatoriana de Cerámica

Abstract

The optimization of the ceramic process was carried out, corresponding to the Monoquema production line of the 31x31 format of the Tile Plant of the company C.A. Ecuatoriana de Cerámica, Riobamba, obtaining high quality ceramic pieces and increasing productivity. We proceeded through a strategic plan that details the control of process and product variables, as well as the adequate management of raw materials and human resources. In pressing, the initial stage of shaping the pieces, control is based on the following techniques: Determination of the percentage of humidity of the paste entering the feed hoppers, measurement of caliber, thickness, compaction and resistance to bending. Pressure, pressing cycles, and temperature of the dryer were controlled by visual inspection of control panels. In the enameling lines, physical and chemical parameters of engobes, enamels and serigraphic inks were examined by determining density, viscosity and weight in the application of the layers when passing through each candle or decorator, guaranteeing the uniformity of shade in the finished product. The temperature and firing cycle of the Sacmi 2070 kiln were inspected. The process control is the starting point for optimization, very efficient when it is necessary to regulate some variables, such as paste humidity percentage and firing cycle, which had to be modified to obtain a better balance in the production, progressively increasing the quality. In the comparative analysis of data collected from the sampling of variables, defects and mass balances carried out before and after optimization, there was evidence of a decrease from 9.6% of losses (units with defects) to 3.73%, increasing production and quality. It is recommended to follow the strategic plan, train personnel and comply with the preventive maintenance schedule for machines and equipment to ensure that they are 100% operational.