Diseño y construcción de un destilador solar para aguas residuales en la ciudad de Riobamba.

Abstract

The objective of the research was to design and construct a solar distiller for the waste water treatment, in the city of Riobamba, the same one that was installed in the meteorological station located at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. The analysis of research was carried out to identify similar processes and establish the design parameters and equations to obtain the theoretical values and use it in the subsequent construction. Quality stainless steel was adapted for food use, in the construction of the tray and canals that will house the waste water to be treated, to avoid contamination of minerals from this material, the base was made of iron so it was not necessary such a resistant material being the support only for the glass wool that functioned as thermal insulation to maintain an almost constant temperature during the distillation, The cover was made in glass of a thickness of 4 lines at an angle of 30 ° of inclination to obtain a good reception of the solar radiation and by that inclination the water treated by the condensation in the glass was obtained, The construction was carried out in a workshop in the city of Riobamba. Three different tests were implemented with three types of wastewater (domestic-industrial, domestic and industrial).The most representative physical parameters (turbidity and color), chemicals, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand (BOD5 and COD) as well as microbiological (fecal and total coliforms) were evaluated. Table 10 of book 6 of TULSMA, (Unified Text of the Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of Environment) was taken as reference values to establish the enforcement of standards. The obtained results allowed concluding that the solar distiller has efficiencies; for waste water (industrial and domestic) of 89.96%, domestic wastewater of 94.28% and industrial wastewater of 99.31of reduction of pollutants, demonstrating that solar distillation is an efficient method to treat wastewater. It is recommended to use low volumes of water for a greater efficiency in the time of the distillation and a previous wash to the distiller to avoid contamination when changing the water to be distilled.