Evaluación del rendimiento de cuatro híbridos de maíz duro a tres distancias de siembra (Zea Mays L) en el cantón Loreto, provincia de Orellana

Abstract

The present research proposes: to evaluate the yield of four hybrids of hard corn at three planting distances, in the Loreto canton, Orellana province. The design was of complete random blocks based on bifactorial arrangement with three replicates. The experimental materials were hybrids DK 7088, Pioneer 30K73, Trueno NB-7443 and Somma. They were seeded at 60, 70 and 80 centimeters (cm) between rows resulting in 36 plots. The hybrid DK 7088 presented the best germination percentage with 100%; the hybrid Pioneer 30K73 presented the best height at 20 and 60 days with 0.37 and 2.64 meters (m), the seeding distance of 70 centimeters (cm) and presented the best height at 40 days with 1.56 meters. The Pioneer hybrid 30K73 presented the highest values with respect to male, female flowering, the harvest and height of cob insertion at 89, 62.89, 123 days and 1.29 meters (m). The DK – 7088 presented the best size, diameter, number of rows, number of grains, weight of grains and weight per cob. The hybrid TruenoNB-7443 presented the highest amount of rotten grain with a value of 1.84 grains per cob; The hybrid Pioneer 30K73 presented the highest hectoliter weight of the maize with 79.38 Kg/Hl., and the planting distance 80 centimeters (cm) with a value of 78.69 grams (g). The hybrid DK 7088 achieved the highest yield with a value of 11148 Kg/Ha., the distance that had the highest yield was 60 cm between rows with a value of 9851,03Kg/Ha. The hybrid DK 7088 got the highest net benefit, planted at a distance of 60 centimeters (cm) between rows with a value of 2405,10 USD. The hybrid Trueno had the best marginal rate of return, it was seeded at a distance of 60 cm (T7) with a value of 2072,69%. Key words: agronomic evaluation, hybrids of hard corn, planting distances.