Estudio y diseño de un proceso para la recuperación del sebo, de la operación de descarnado y obtención de detergentes de uso industrial en la Curtiduría Tungurahua S.A.

Abstract

With the purpose to reduce the environmental impact “Curtiduría Tungurahua S.A” is focused on treating in order the waste generated in the deboning stage by recovering the fats used as raw material to obtain industrial surfactants. The research was based specifically on the collecting of fat in the deboning operation through the use of an autoclave stage; considering that in the process of separation obtain three residues such as: fat, liquid and sludge, taking into account that the fat is the objective of study without considering the remaining waste. It performed physicochemical characterization of the fleshings (fat, ash, moisture and protein), besides with the fat obtained made the physicochemical analysis like: (saponification number, iodine, acidity and peroxide index). On the other hand, it carried out laboratory test to obtain the detergent, taking into consideration that the process for marking the detergent starts with the conversion of the fat to an alcohol followed by the sulfonation and finally the neutralization. The tests results were negative, due to the formation of the alcohol from the fat takes a yellowish tint, combined with an acid that is why established the conclusion that the fat is ideal to make soap, thus demonstrating the calculations and sizing performed to make it. The process design consisted in the following operations: weighing, washing, fat recovery through the autoclave process, saponification, drying and storage. It recommends performing the pre-deboning stage in “Curtiduría Tungurahua S.A”, taking into account that it does not have to do with toxic substances, so that the quality of the fat could not be affected, and then would obtain high efficiency fats and higher percentages of fat.