Estudio de los saberes ancestrales en el ámbito de la agrobiodiversidad de las terrazas de la comunidad de Joyaczhí - Sector "A", cantón Chunchi, provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

The present research was purposed to identify which techniques, materials and technologies were used by Kañari culture on period of integration 500-1534 AC (after Christ) at field of agrobiodiversity, ant actually they can still be found and recovered in archaeological site from Terraces in Joyaczhi. For this, the archaeological survey was carried out at site called Sector “A”, archaeological cultural material was recovered and finally the recovered material was analyzed. For archaeological survey, the descriptive method was used with technique of systematization of information. For the recovery of archaeological material three sampling units were opened on terraces Sector “A”, and for morphological and taxonomic analysis at botanical samples used digital seed catalogs. Archaeological data on botanical (seed, charcoal and wood) and cultural (pottery), they show that an irrigation management intensified agriculture and therefore performed an adequate soil management due to large percentage of iron found in each of sampling units. Between recovered species like: Amaranthus quitensis (114 seeds), Spinaceae oleraceae (50 seeds), Trifolium repens (24 seeds), Peruvian physalis (2 seeds), Acacia spp (1 seed), Papaver spp (1 seed), Verbena litoralis (1 seed), Brassica napus (1 seed). All show that the ancient societies from Joyaczhi, created and used specialized systems of cultivation, this case of amaranth (Amaranthus quitensis) and spinach (Spinaceae oleraceae) are being the most representative and important not only at this time so in the present, since they were characterized to have benefits and their medicinal, alimentary, economic among others.

Key words: ANCESTRAL KNOWLEDGE, AGRICULTURAL TERRACES, AGROBIODIVERSITY, CARPOLOGICAL STUDY.