Construcción de un simulador para el diagnóstico de modos de fallas en engranajes mediante el análisis de vibraciones y ultrasonido pasivo para la Facultad de Mecánica.

Abstract

A simulator of gear failure modes was constructed, in which vibration analysis and passive ultrasound can be performed, in order to collaborate with the student's learning and the equipment of the Technical Diagnostic laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanics. We started with the modeling of the software simulator Solidworks, selection of gears, electric motor, and alternator and finally the assembly was executed and put into operation. To test the effectiveness of the simulator, analyzes were performed on failure modes such as: horizontal angular misalignment, with angles at 0,25 intervals; vertical angular misalignment, using shims of different thicknesses; increase in distance between centers, with increasing intervals of 0,25 mm and broken tooth. Vibracheck 200ABG equipment was used in the vibration data acquisition, with its respective accelerometer to capture the spectra. For the analysis of vibrations the acceleration spectrum was used since the harmonics to analyze are presented at high frequencies. A contact module or stethoscope (STM) was also used for the data acquisition of passive ultrasound, using the Ultraprobe 15000 equipment. The analysis of the data of the modes of failure in gears, in the technique of vibrations is more effective that of the passive ultrasound because the first technique allows to determine the changes that occur in the characteristic harmonics, without neglecting the ultrasonic analysis, since this is complementary to the analysis of vibrations. Additionally it is established that for the analysis of the mode of failure per broken tooth, the techniques of vibrations and passive ultrasound are effective. With this, it has been concluded that the simulator fulfills its function by providing reliable measurements, which are recommended to be taken by adjusting the parts of the module.