Evaluación de la bioconcentración de dos especies de macrofitas acuáticas (Eichhornia crassipes y Lemna spp) en la fitorremediación de un medio contaminado con plomo.

Abstract

This research was carried out to make a Phytoremediation of contaminated wáter lead at the laboratory in Riobamba city, two species of aquatic macrophysics Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Duckweed (Lemna spp) were used. The water used was contaminated with lead Nitrate because this salt is soluble in wáter, up to an initial concentration of 5 ppm. Phytoremediation for treating a greenhouse and was built and 6 glass containers, an oxygen pump, and two types of aquatic macrophytes, which were transported from the lake Guano. Three types of treatments were applied : a) (Lemna spp), b) (Eichhornia crassipes) and c) (Lemna spp and Eichhornia crassipes). Fort the first adaptation phase is collocated to aquatic macrophytes, in glass containers then added a liquid nutrient called Rootmost, when macrophytes adapted them followed in it was poisoning phase, where in the contaminant solution was added to a concentration of 5 ppm and it has the absorption phase contaminant which taken 14 days, for which it is necessary to control pH and conductivity, physical changes was observed in the respective treatments presenting necrosis and also chlorosis with passage of time. Finally, both the aqueous médium were analyzed as biomass vegetables species, resulting treatment c) (Lemna spp and Eichhornia crassipes) provided the best results, registering a removal percentage of 77.8% and higher bioconcentration factor 100, so it is concluded that both Lemna spp and Eichhornia crassipes the current combined demonstrate efficacy in phytoremediation of lead-contaminated environment. It is recommended to use this type of biological treatment in the recovery of industrial waste wáter since they have low maintenance costs and good potential decontamination.