Efecto de seis sustratos de plantas amazónicas sobre el cultivo del brócoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Itálica cv. Avenger) y su entomofauna asociada

Abstract

The propose of this investigation is to understand the effect that have botanical extracts of plants collected from the Amazon Witheringia solanácea, Dieffenbachia costata, Lonchocarpus nicou, Clibadium sp, Cymbopogon nardus, Xanthosoma purpuratum , on variables agronomic, post-harvest and entomofauna in the cultivation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var Italica cv. Avenger) under field conditions in Chimborazo Province; it was used a randomized complete block desing with 8 treatments and 5 replicates, six botanical extracts, a chemical insecticide (chlorpyrifos lamda cyhalotrin) and water, it was used is a fixative to soap with a dose of 2 ml/l of extract. In each block was planted 30 plants in three rows, the plants evaluated were ten in the middle row. The aplication started the aqueous extracts to the 30 days after transplantation, for seven consecutive weeks making counts and measurements agronomic limitations to the eight days of each application. This trial was conducted in two seasons, dry and rainy, with the same work in agricultural matters. The dry season was from July to October and the rainy season from September to December 2015. The efficiency of the treatments was determined by the agronomic performance, post-harvest and number of entomofauna. In both seasons the chemical insecticide presented similarity statistics with botanical extracts. In the dry season Witheringia solanácea and in the rainy season Lonchocarpus nicou showed no negative effect on the broccoli and its entomofauna. It is recommended to study the structure of Witheringia solanácea and Lonchocarpus nicou to see because it produces a fitostimulus in the variables.

KEY WORDS: Botanical Extracts, Entomofauna, Broccoli, Phytotoxicity, Amazon Plants.