Determinación del efecto de extractos de cuatro plantas de la amazonía sobre Plutella xylostella L., a través de dos métodos de extracción

Abstract

The current research aims to determine the effects obtained from anti-alimentary, larvicide ant the ovipositor repellent of plant extracts like Clibadium sp., Cyclanthus bipartitus, Dieffenbachia costata, and Vismia sp. from the Ecuadorian Amazon on Plutella xylostella through two extraction method: aqueous maceration and extraction assisted by ultrasound under lab conditions of the Center of Technology Development for Reduction and Rationalization of Agrochemical (CEDETERRA) at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. To determine the effects obtained from anti-alimentary and larvicide, it was used a completely unifactorial randomized block design. For the ovipositor repellency effect, it was applied a completely randomized design. With the statistical analysis of the data, the parametric and no parametric statistical analysis was carried out based on the data. The results for the anti-alimentary of the Cyclanthus bipartitus, Dieffenbachia costata and Vismia sp. effect plants, greater efficiency was observed with extracts obtained through assisted extracts by ultrasound compared with aqueous extracts, same result was observed in the larvicida effect but now, with Clibadium sp. and Vismia sp. extracts. The effect of ovipositor repellency with all extracts of the studied plants was obtained. Taking into account the three analyzed effects, it was observed the plants with greater effects on Plutella xylostella was Clibadium sp. and Cyclanthus bipartitus. It is recommended to carry out studies which allow determining the chemical compounds, mainly in Cyclanthus bipartitus and Clibadium sp. plants. Furthermore, it is suggested to continue the research phase of the three evaluated effects: anti-alimentary, larvicida and ovipositor repellency but now, in field conditions. KEY WORD: Botanical extracts, aqueous maceration, ultrasound extraction