Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica asociada a la opacidad producida por el transporte masivo urbano en la ciudad de Ambato

Abstract

The present work research consists in the evaluating of the air pollution associated with the opacity produced by the Urban Mass Transit in the city of Ambato. The methodology used was cross-quantitative, determined the number of vehicles by operators that circulating around town, at the same time the possible areas of sampling were established, based on the place of departure and return of the units, subsequently the number of vehicles per operator was delimited, which was to realize the measurements, the controls began on Fridays, of these months: May, June, July and August 2015, in the following schedule from 09H00 to 15H00 with (6) six daily hours, the equipment used was an opacimeter: AVL Diagnostic model 4000, the same that was facilitated by the Address Environmental Management of the GADMA (Autonomous Governance Decentralized of Ambato) and a register sheet, presently obtaining the data, it was proceeded to descriptive analysis in Excel and afterwards an inferential analysis in Infostat, the preparing of the maps of the routes were made during the month of June, with the help of managers and presidents of each of the cooperatives in the ArcGIS software. As a result it get that in the city of Ambato, there are five mass transit operators with a total of 403 (four hundred three) units, simple stratified sampling is used, the same that permitted to obtaining the number of units to be sampled, which were (81) eighty-one, the data obtaining of the vehicles were: Route, Operator, brand, year, Cylindered and Opacity measurement. It is concluded that the only variable that does not influence the measurement of opacity is the Route, of the (81) eighty-one measured vehicles, (20) twenty exceed the maximum allowable limit that is to say greater than 60% of Opacity, the sectors were identified in the city where there is greater intensity of transit and traffic, which are: Redondel of Huachi Chico, Redondel of La Policía, Bellavista Stadium, Los Andes Avenue, 12 de Noviembre Park, Modelo Market, Terminal Terrestre, Redondel of Izamba, and Hospital Regional Ambato. It is recommended to the Directorate of Traffic, Transport and Mobility (DTTM) that for registration of the unit owners are obliged to keep records of maintenance of the vehicles, which must be at least four times each year.