Diseño de un biorreactor para la obtención de biodiesel usando grasa animal del Camal Municipal de la Ciudad de Ambato

Abstract

Through the present research designed a bio reactor to obtain diesel from animal fat which is a residue not used of cattle slaughter al camal of Ambato city – Tungurahua province. There by it was necesary to determinate the daily volumen of fat. Trough dialy measurements it was posible to determinate 276 liters of fat that are obtained everyday, whose value was useful for designing the reactor. A chemical reaction generates a product through the equipment in which the specific conditions are controlled to msximize the conversión. The biodiesel is a combustible with the same properties of the conventional one. It is made with organic products doing its emissions toward the atmosphere do not have pollutants. The combustible was obtained by the transesterification of a triglyceride by discarding the fat. On the other hand 1.9 gr of sodium hydroxide and 100 mililiters of metanol for each 500 mililiters of fat were required to obtain 430 mililiters of biodiesel. This ideal relation for animal fat was found in prior academic researches. After obtaining the fuel decided to make physicochemical analysis to know its properties. The parameters found are according to the allowed limits by norm INEN 1248: 2009 for biodiesel with an exception of viscocity. By using this information the biorreactor was made in two and three dimensions to produce 321 liters of biodiesel daily with a performance in terms of reactivity of 71.66%. The Project allows getting enviromental and economic benefits for Gobierno Autonomo Descentralizado of Ambato city motivating the production of biofuel in the country.