Eficacia de los consorcios bacterianos y fúngicos nativos en la remoción de metales pesados por biolixiviación de los sedimentos de la laguna de Colta del Cantón Colta

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of native bacterial, and fungus consortium to bioleach heavy metals, specifically Barium, Vanadium and Copper, present in the sample sediment of Colta Lake from Colta Canton. It was conducted a physicochemical and microbiological characterization of sediment, isolation and purification of bacterial and fungal strains by successive inoculation techniques. It was conducted a microscopic and macroscopic characterization of the strain, it was conducted a procedure enclosing several selection test such as: antagonism and identification of bacteria and fungi, for its subsequent mass and inoculation in the sediment, the process was carried out to obtain the native fungal consortium of the sediment coming from Colta Lake by using equipment such as: horizontal laminar flow chamber, autoclave, incubator, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), stove, among the principal ones. After conducting the selection test, 10 strains of fungi forming the fungal consortium belonging to the following taxonomic groups: Aspergillus, Aphanoascus, Penicillium, Asteromyces, Gliocladium and Lacellinopsis, were collected, and a bacterial consortium of nine strains of the following groups: Escherichia coli-inactive, Xenorhabdus nematophilys, Providencia stuartii, Shigella Serogroups A,B and C, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Morganella morganii biogp 1. According to the bioleaching tests of heavy metals carried out in sediments coming from Colta Lake, metal concentrations were obtained in the leachate of the treatment with bacteria showing values of 3,501 ppm Barium, Vanadium 0,0612 ppm and 0,0236 ppm to Copper likewise concentrations in leachate treatment with fungi has values of 1.522 ppm for Barium, Vanadium 0,0989 ppm and 0,0385 ppm Copper, based on the data it can be said that native bacteria and fungi are not capable of bioleach heavy metals in the sediment of Colta Lake . It is recommended to undertake further studies aimed to reduce the heavy metals in obtaining native fungal and bacterial consortium in order to mitigate adverse environmental impacts once these heavy metals are deposited in lake sediments.