Diseño y construcción de un secador por atomización para la obtención de colorante natural a partir de la remolacha.

Abstract

It designed and built a dryer for atomization to obtain a natural red dye powder, from the beetroot juice, equipment designed for the laboratory of industrial processes of the School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences at the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. The sizing of dryer of atomization was realized in base the rules DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm – German Industry standard) , and models of equipment NIRO, whose main components are: regulable fan, heating air system, diaphragm pump or dosing, system atomizing pneumatic, chamber of drying and cyclone. Built the dryer for atomization, it was prepared the feed by extraction and filtration of juice from whole beets, with was held 26 test, working with two encapsulants, maltodextrin and arabic gum, in which varied formulation and the drying temperature. With maltodextrin was prepared Concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% P/P, in beetroot juice, to drying temperatures of: 120, 140, 160 and 180°C; with arabic gum, the concentrations were: 10, 25 and 50 % P/P to the temperatures of: 120 and 140°C. Establishing that optimal conditions of the dryer process by atomization are: The air temperature of drying of 120°C and a concentration of maltodextrin from 50% P/P. Obtaining a product with humidity of the 3 ± 0,05%, hygroscope 4,05±0,01% and a performance of recovery of solids 72,73 ± 0,04%. There was evidenced that efficient operation allows obtain natural coloring of beetroot (Betalains), in less time and in compliance with the standard: NMX-F-262-1975 “Dye organic – synthetic red”, thus encouraging the consumption of ecologic and natural products. So it is recommended the application of this dryer for atomization for the investigation of other industrial level products.