Determinación del perfil Hepático y Colinesterasa en agricultores expuestos a plaguicidas organofosforados y carbamatos de la comunidad Corazón de Jesús de la parroquia San Luis del cantón Riobamba.

Abstract

This research work is the determination of liver and cholinesterase profile farmers that have been exposed to pesticides containing organophosphates and carbamates. It has been carried out in the community called Corazon de Jesus that belongs to the San Luis Parrish, in the city of Riobamba. The objective is to check the influence of these pesticides in the enzyme levels when using them daily. 103 biological samples were taken from 80 farmers that were exposed to these pesticides (organophosphates and carbamatos), and 23 people from the site acted as control samples. Serum cholinesterase (BChE) was quantified according to Ellman, transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase AST and alanine aminotransferase ALT) were quantified by means of the UV kinetic method without pyridoxal phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was analyzed by the enzyme-kinetic method and conjugated bilirubin by Maloy-Evelyn amended endpoint. Finally, a contrast serum was performed concerning the following: the above mentioned enzymes between the two groups (exposed to pesticide people samples-control samples), their gender, their farming site (open field, greenhouse and both of the together), their time of exposure and the frequency of use of the products with a significance level of 5%. Significant differences were found in the levels of BChE, ALT and ALP contrasting to the control samples (the last were within the reference levels). There was an inverse relation of BChE with the exposure time and with the application frequency. These two variables also directly on AST and conjugated bilirubin did not show differences in all its contrasts. At last, the most used pesticides were Methomyl, Carbofuran, Acephate and Profenofos. As a conclusion, it was determined that the daily use of pesticides containing organophosphates and carbamates influence greatly on the levels of cholinesterase, and to a lesser extent on the studied liver enzymes. It is recommended to use the protection equipment during the application of the pesticides as well as continuous training and appropriate hygiene measures.