Determinación de los niveles de Colinesterasa Sérica y Perfil Hepático (AST, ALT, APL, Bilirrubinas) en agricultores expuestos a plaguicidas organofosforados y carbamatos en la comunidad “la Candelaria” de la parroquia San Luis cantón Riobamba.

Abstract

The objective was to determine whether the use of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides affect serum cholinesterase levels and liver function alters that form the Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase and Bilirubins in farmers at Candelaria Community-San Luis parish. In this study a population exposed to pesticides compared to a control group was analyzed. Data were collected through a survey containing the following variables: gender, age, exposure time among others; the Ellman method was used to determine the level of cholinesterase and spectrophotometric for other enzymes. T-student statistical test, Spearman was applied to find relationships between variables. The research involved 45 farmers between 18-70 years that grown Lycopersicum esculentum tomatoes in under glass, representing the 24 men and 21 women 53.34% to 46.66%. Once the analysis was obtained that 14 people (31,12%) had levels below the normal range cholinesterase; in terms of age it was determined that the higher the age and length of exposure to pesticides, there is a noticeable decline in the level of cholinesterase which shows inhibition of the enzyme; according to sex there is a tendency to indicate whether men or women are at the greatest variability in the level of this enzyme. The farmers cholinesterase level was 7213.11 U/L value well below the average obtained control group 8246.84 U/L. It is concluded that exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides affects blood levels of cholinesterase but no abnormalities were found in the level of enzymes in liver profile, despite that the study population had symptoms of chronic intoxication. It is recommended to run a joint work with the Ministries of Health and Environment to consider this issue as a public health problema.