Estudio fitoquímico del extracto etanólico Desmodium adscendens (Hierba del infante) y elaboración de una técnica de cuantificación del metabolito de mayor presencia.

Abstract

The Phytochemical Study of Ethanol Extract from Desmodium molliculum and the Development of a Quantification Technique of the Metabolite of Highest Presence were performed at the Phytochemical laboratory at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), collected in Guanando Parish and identified at the herbarium of ESPOCH as Desmodium molliculum. The methodology used for the extract was, maceration of the fresh plant with ethanol to 96% reduced to 200 ml, the liquid phase recovered to determine the physical properties, preliminary chromatographic analysis, separation in chromatographic column and monitoring of the fractions in Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The purified mixtures, to reach chromatographic purity, applyin Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Ultra Violet. As a result a dark-greened herb-smelled and bitter liquid with density 0.1567 g/ml. was obtained. The TLC of ethanol extract run with Hexane: Ethyl Acetate (EtOAc) 1:1 reveal separated spots, blue violet colorations with Rosenthaler and 5g. were chromatographed in column in 90g of silica gel and was melted with Hexane EtOAc and methanol in pure and mixed state, having thus, 23 fractions. TLC with Hexane was done, EtOAc (7:3); EtOAc (100), Chloroform: Acetic Acid: Methanol: Water (60:32:12:8) as reveled with Rosenthaler and EtOAc: Acetic Acid: Formic Acid (100:11:26) with Cerium Sulfate. Trepenoids in fractions 12, 13, 15 and 19 were obtained. Saponines were identified by means of the IR by bands, features to (3650) cm-1and 1050 cm-1which are the secondary OH, bands to (1680)cm-1 as features of stretching C=C, typical of the Triterpenical ring derived from Olean. The separation in Liquid Chromatography of High Resolution of saponine was done with Diclomethane Methanol at 7 minutes. It is recommended to apply other techniques that allow higher specifity of results and identification of metabolites.