Diseño de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de la Parroquia San Gerardo del Cantón Guano

Abstract

This research involves the design of a wastewater treatment plant, San Gerardo parish, Guano canton, in order to reduce the pollution in Guano river. In the development of the research the experimental method was used sampling water compound; to subsequently perform characterization tests. The test require various materials such as: beaker, volumetric pipettes, test tubes, volumetric balls, filters, vacuum pump, stoves, among others. After analysis, the variables are determined for the design considered: chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, settleable solids, suspended solids and corresponding to parameters outside the limits established by existing quality standards fecal coliforms. In order to remove most contaminating material quality, the calculations for sizing system designed to 20 years with a future population of 2940 people was conducted at a flow rate to try to 2,4 m3/d and considering the following operations: pretreatment, with manual cleaning gratings aimed retain coarse solids, primary sedimentation in order to settle by gravity action smaller solids, coagulation-flocculation with poly aluminum chloride to 10% at doses of 1,5 mL/L water and consisting of secondary sedimentation sludge resulting precipitation coagulation-flocculation. Thus, reduction of biochemical oxygen demand 47,72%, 30,86% in chemical oxygen demand, 90% of suspended solids, settleable solids 99% and over 99% of microorganisms is achieved. The designed system will have an efficiency of 97% and is worth mentioning that the process will ensure obtaining better quality water, preventing pollution of the Guano river and environmental impact of the sector can be achieved not only with treatment, but also with the care and maintenance of the equipment.