Efecto de diferentes sistemas de labranza y fertilización sobre la productividad del Cultivo de Lenteja en el Cantón Alausí.

Abstract

In the parish Sibambe, canton Alausí, province of Chimborazo, located 2.456 m.a.l.s., 2° 11 ' of South Latitude and 78° 50 ' Longitud Oeste, with a half temperature of 14 ºC, 428 mm of annual precipitation and 73.2% of relative humidity; it was evaluated the effect of different farm systems and fertilization about the productivity of the lentil cul tivation. The area corresponds to the formation ecological thorny steppe - Montano Under (ee - MB), with a texture of the oozy frank floor, of structure Migajosa sub - angular blocks, lightly inclined topography, good drainage and the watering existence, havi ng the floor 8.15 ug/ml of N, 19.76 ug/ml of P, 1.53 meq/100 g of K, a pH of 6.47 and a content of organic matter of 2%. The experimental units were distributed at random under a design of Complete Blocks, in arrangement of divided parcels, where the total area of the rehearsal was of 1800 m2 (45 m x 40 m), the total area of the small parcel of 53 m2 and the net area of the small parcel of 42 m2, in those that the effect of two factors was evaluated: the farm systems (Conventional and Zero) and the types of fertilizers (chemical, organic and without fertilization). The results determine that the system of farm zero, allowed to reach better productive answers, registering heights of plant of 41.39 cm, weight of 1000 seeds of 57.61 g and the biggest grai n production for hectare (618.94 kg). For effect of the types of fertilizers, it was obtained superior answers with the application of organic payment, since the plants arrived to the physiologic maturity to the 120 days, presenting 15.56 sheaths for plant, with 2.0 seeds for sheath and a weight of 62.16 g the 1000 seeds, with a yield for hectare of 649.37 kg/ha. For effect of the interaction, the application of the system of farm zero with organic 8 payment, was obtained better answers, shortening the period of the physiologic maturity from the plant to 117 days, with 15.69 sheaths for plant, each sheath with 2.15 seeds, a weight of 1000 seeds of 70.93 g, the reached grain production was of 742.48 kg/ha. When using the organic fertilization with t he system of farm zero, it stays the characteristics presented by the floor before the sow, the density of the floor decreases, the capacity of infiltration of the water is increased when the system of conventional farm, the application of organic payments is used they allow to elevate the pH of the floor, the proportionate nitrogen by means of the chemical fertilization is not taken advantage of in its entirety by the plant, the application of organic payment by means of the system of farm zero increased t he match readiness, as well as the capacity of exchange cationic and relationship of C/N, being obtained a relationship of 16.87, with which the biggest net profit was also reached ($307.30), with a Rate of Marginal Return of 638.11%.