Determinación de la actividad antifúngica de los extractos del Escancel (Aerva Sanguinolenta), Teatina (Scoparia Dulcis L), Sangorache (Amaranthus Hybridus L.) frente a Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus.

Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to determine the antifungal activity of the extracts, of Escancel (Aerva sanguinolenta), Teatina (Scoparia dulcis L) and Sangorache (Amaranthus hybridus L.) against Trichoderma, Penicillium and Aspergillus. Study carried out in the laboratories of natural products and for environmental microbiology at the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo, to solve problems in agribusiness and animal and human beings diseases because of these fungi. Sub extracts and extracts were performed using solvents of different polarity by applying preliminary qualitative tests to identify the secondary metabolites. Strains of Penicillium and Aspergillus were isolated from soil samples and fermenting cereal, respectively; while strain of Trichoderma purified was obtained. Subsequently, bioautobiografía techniques, and diffusion plate were observed and no inhibited growth areas, assigning responsibility for phenolic compounds, coumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes as bibliographic data have antimicrobial activity; these compounds were identified through the phytochemical screening, UV-Visible spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography (TLC) for their Rf. In the second technique for qualitative analysis which parameters such as NC (no growth), CP (poor growth), CM (massive growth) was performed settled. From the analyzes it was determined that the crude extracts of Escancel (Aerva sanguinolenta), Teatina (Scoparia dulcis L) and Sangorache (Amaranthus hybridus L.) had the highest antifungal activity against fungi investigated, and activity was also observed in the sub-extracts, alcoholic and aqueous. We conclude that the crude extracts of these plants have antifungal activity against strains of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus so it is recommended; phytotherapeutic processing and agroindustrial products for the benefit of society.