Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento para la potabilización del agua en la comunidad la Candelaria, parroquia San Luis

Abstract

The objective of this research is to design a water treatment system for the treatment of drinking water in the La Candelaria Community belonging to the San Luis Parish, Canton Riobamba, Province of Chimborazo. By means of quantitative and experimental methods, the initial characterization of the water to be treated was established, corresponding to the physical-chemical and microbiological analyses, using spectrophometric, volumetric and instrumental techniques; at the same time, samples were collected and jar tests were performed to establish the adequate dosage of lime and aluminum polychloride, which were carried out at the Technical Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, ESPOCH. From the initial water characterizations, seven physical-chemical parameters were identified above the permissible limits as established by the Ecuadorian Technical Standard NTE INEN 1108:2011 "Drinking Water. Requirements", these being: turbidity, hardness, calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, bicarbonates, phosphates, and microbiological parameters: total coliforms and fecal coliforms. The appropriate treatment system was established and the results were: turbidity: 0.10 NTU, hardness: 80 mg/l, calcium: 16 mg/l, magnesium: 9.7 mg/l, alkalinity: 200 mg/l, bicarbonates: 204 mg/l, phosphates: 0.16 mg/l, for total and fecal coliforms, absence; complying with current regulations. The treatment plant was designed with a rectangular weir mixer, length: 0.69 m, width: 0.14 m, height: 0.50 m; horizontal flow hydraulic flocculator, length: 13.47 m, width: 4 m, depth: 0.10 m; lamellar settler, length: 1.35 m, width: 2.40 m, depth: 3 m; rapid sand filter, area: 2.03 m2, depth: 3.06 m; cation exchanger tank with capacity: 2.50 m3, diameter: 1.41 m; finally disinfection will be directly in the storage tank with a capacity of 5.56 m3. The proposed treatment will guarantee water of