Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento para la potabilización del agua en la parroquia San Andres del Cantón Guano, provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of designing a treatment system for the purification of water in the parish of San Andres, Canton Guano, province of Chimborazo. According to the physical-chemical and microbiological characterizations of the water, it was possible to determine the need to design a conventional treatment system for the potabilization of the fluid, capable of eliminating phosphate hardness and total coliforms. With the use of a Parshall flowmeter, the total flow that would enter the system was measured at 0.0159 m3/s, then the fluid would pass through 2 classic settling tanks where the suspended solids dragged by the adduction of this from the intake to the storage tank would be eliminated, then it would pass to the slow filters with zeolites where an ionic exchange between the free ions of the porous medium and the Ca+ and Mg+ cations would take place, decreasing the hardness, From 392 mg/L to 48 mg/L and likewise the Phosphate content from 0.714 mg/L to 0.234 mg/L. At the end of this stage the fluid will be transported to the 10 m3 disinfection tank, the volume of the hypochlorinator will be 0.04 m3 where 1.5 g/L of Calcium Hypochlorite will be diluted to eliminate pathogens and coliforms, Once this process is finished, the water will be sent to a tank with a volume of 500 m3 where the water will settle until an adequate homogenization of the disinfectant is obtained and finally it will be distributed. This system was designed with a projection of 25 years, during which time it will operate with high efficiency. With these processes, it was possible to control the parameters that were outside the permissible limits of the INEN 1108 Drinking Water Standard. The results of the research that was carried out allowed us to establish a design that will allow us to have quality water.