Caracterización nutracéutica y actividad antioxidante del polen de diferentes colmenas de abeja (Apís mellífera) de la Empresa APICARE, Riobamba

Abstract

In the research, the Nutraceutical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Pollen from different bee hives (Apis mellifera) of the Apicare Company, Riobamba, was carried out in laboratories of the Faculty of Sciences of the ESPOCH, applying the Salvadoran Standard NSO 65.38.01:04 for quality control. Analytical and bromatological techniques were applied to determine nutritional components; colorimetric tests for quantification of active principles and enzymatic assays that measured the antioxidant activity of the samples. The results obtained were: 6.69 to 9.75% for Moisture; 2.7 to 3.62% for Ash, 23.93 to 27.18% for Protein; 1.44 to 3.5% for Fat; 2.4 to 5.47% for Fiber; 54.65 to 59.39% for Non-Nitrogen Free Extract; 33.47 to 75.67% for Sugars; 4.93 to 5.79 for pH, 0.31 to 0.38 meq/kg for Acidity and 0.169 to 0.895% for Vitamin C. In phenolic compounds the results were: 2.4 to 3.3 mg of Gallic Acid/ 100 g of sample, in Flavonoids obtaining values between 0.032 to 0.053 mg of Rutin/ 100 g of sample. The Antioxidant activity as percentage of inhibition of polyphenoloxidase, using extracts at concentrations of 10ppm, 100ppm and 1000 ppm, reported results of 41.64% in the area of Gatazo, 42.61% in the area of Palacio Real, 44.61% in the area of Nitiluiza in concentration of 100ppm, at 1000 ppm the samples of Chambo and Parróquia Virgen de Fátima presented values of 51.88% and 56.02%. It was concluded that the pollen complied with the established quality parameters, being a very complete food with a contribution of essential nutritional components such as Vitamins and Proteins and other compounds that present pharmacological activity. Its consumption is recommended to improve the state of health of the society.