Rediseño de un sistema de potabilización de agua para el cantón Colta (Cabecera cantonal)

Abstract

We redesigned the drinking water treatment plant in CANTON COLTA, cantonal headwaters, aiming the implementation of new structures in the treatment system to improve the quality, through evaluation of the existing treatment system. With the deductive and inductive method: problems caused by water quality were diagnosed, with the experimental method was carried out through the physical-chemical and microbiological characterization of water from different sources before and after treatment for 3 weeks in different climatic conditions, using methods and techniques based on the Standard Methods in the water laboratory of the canton, portable equipment was used to measure color and turbidity for on-site analysis. The average results of the current water analysis showed Color = 15.67 UTC, Turbidity= 5.12 NTU, Hardness= 276.80mg/L, Phosphorus= 0.57mg/L, which indicate that the quality of the outgoing water does not meet the requirements of the established regulations, which allowed us to establish that the redesign will consist of: a fast mixing channel with inlet velocity at the outlet = 3.22m/s, length of the outlet Lj = 1.14m; mixing time tm = 0.786 s. Hydraulic flocculation channel with total distance traveled L =300 m and volume of water to be mixed every 25min = 33.75m3. A high rate settler with a surface load CS = 155.52 m/day and a retention time in the tank tRT = 28 min. And finally the implementation of 3 rapid filters for a total treatment flow Q = 1944 m3/day. From the implementation of this system through pilot tests, it is concluded that the water has the following characteristics: Color = 2.5 UTC, Turbidity = 0.82 NTU, Hardness = 196 mg/L, Phosphorus = 0.063 mg/L, determining that they are within the 1108 drinking water regulations, thus improving the quality of water in Colta County.