Diseño e implementación de un banco de pruebas de inyectores de vehículos a diesel CRDI para la Escuela de Ingeniería Automotriz.

Abstract

This investigation is about the design and implementation of a test injector for diesel powered vehicles CRDI (Common Rail Diesel Injection), in order to diagnose if the injectors of all diesel powered vehicles work or not in a correct way. Vehicles with a diesel system have been increasing in a large number in the country; there are: BOSCH, DELPHI, and DENSO, but the operation diagnosis and injectors breakdown analysis are inappropriate. This project implements the electromagnetic pulse module controller system, which works as an ECU (Engine Control Unit) in a diesel vehicle; it means that the injector injects fuel by means of pulses, in this way it opens and closes the injector nozzle, with data established in the module controller, moreover, a pressure gauge is also implemented in order to fulfill the injection function which works a pump to send pressure to the injector, so this way you can check fi it fulfills or not with its normal and adequate operation. The surveys on direct injection system for diesel powered vehicles allow the creation, design, and technical research for the development of a test injector, which generates electromagnetic pulses to control the injector´s duty slow motion 40% and full charge 80%. This allowed implementing a more technical diagnosis with less time and cost. The results obtained are the following: if the fuel intake level and return level are similar: the injector works regularly, but it must be repaired, if the intake level is higher than the return level the injector works normally, if the return level is higher than the intake level, there is a leakage and the engine doesn´t start. Before making and operating analysis, it is recommended to use and wear safety and protection equipment and the injectors must also be repaired for a good operating, but they don´t necessarily solve the problem. For having an optimal and efficient performance, it is necessary that all the injectors have the same fuel flow to obtain a correct fuel atomization.