Control de Mycosphaerella fijiensis en cultivo de plátano clon dominico-hartón, mediante el manejo cultural y químico en la provincia de Sucumbíos

Abstract

In the Sucumbíos area, banana producers face challenges affecting the productivity of their crops due to the favorable climatic conditions for the development of black sigatoka, a devastating disease of musaceae. Consequently, the objective of this research was to evaluate and compare two treatments - Jaque Mate, a biofungicide, and Phyton, a chemical fungicide - to provide a clearer perspective on their effectiveness and viability in controlling black sigatoka in the 7 de Julio parish of the Shushufindi canton, Sucumbíos province. The experimental design applied was a factorial arrangement conducted in a simple DBCA with 3 treatments and 3 blocks, T1: Cultural control (defoliation); T2: Chemical control (Python) and T3: Organic control (Jaque Mate). Each treatment had a total of 3 replications. In the experimental phase, 10 randomly selected plants were used for each replication, generating a total of thirty plants per treatment. Data collection was carried out for 49 days. For the analysis of variance, the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 was used, where the Tukey test was also conducted at 95. The evaluated variables were: infection index, disease incidence, and mean disease severity. The most efficient treatment was T2 (Chemical Control) which showed a value of (5.35) at the end of the 45-day evaluation period; likewise, T2 showed better results in the variables: disease incidence (4.89) and mean disease severity (1.23). It was concluded that cultural control was the most efficient for the control of black sigatoka in banana cultivation; therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the use of efficient chemical fungicides for disease control in the sector.