Evaluación de la eficiencia de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales de una industria textil utilizando residuos orgánicos naturales

Abstract

Currently, several textile industries in Pelileo produce excessive amounts of contaminated wastewater due to the dyes and chemicals used in the washing of clothes. These waters are not adequately treated before being discharged into the sewage system, which is considered a major water pollution problem. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of a wastewater treatment system in a textile industry using natural organic wastes such as orange, coconut, and green banana peels. For this purpose, the industry's wastewater was characterized. After determining that the evaluated parameters were outside the maximum permissible limits, a pressure filter was designed and constructed. Inside each 1 kg of gravel < 2 cm, 1 kg of gravel < 1 cm, 1 kg of coconut shell charcoal, and 1 kg of orange peel charcoal were placed. Three filtrations were performed on different days. The average efficiency percentage of the first filtration was 74.16%. The average efficiency percentage of the second filtration was 74.65%. The third filtration stood out, which was the one that achieved the highest percentage of removal. The results of the mentioned filtration were the following: conductivity with 96. 59% of removal, color 98.96%, turbidity 99.56%, COD 98.84%, BOD 91.25%, suspended solids 99.56%, settleable solids 99.52%, dissolved solids 96.63%, total solids 97.76%, sulfides 99.86%; achieving an average efficiency percentage of 97.85% efficiency. Thus, it was concluded that the wastewater treatment system, using orange and coconut peel carbon as filter media and green plantain as a natural coagulant, is efficient for treating wastewater from the textile industry. This since it significantly reduces the level of pollutants.