Diseño y aplicación de un manual de Buenas Prácticas de Ordeño (BPO) en las fincas ganaderas de la parroquia Cebadas

Abstract

The quality and productivity of milk on farms in the Cebadas parish, Guamote canton, is of concern due to the poor implementation of Good Milking Practices (GMP), a problem that is worsening, causing sanitary, herd management and hygiene problems for personnel and the environment, affecting the quality of the product. The objective of this research was to design and implement a GMP manual for the farms. The objective of this research was to design and implement a GMP manual for the farms, based on the application of a check list to determine the deficiencies and implement the GMPs established in the manual. The contents of the manual detail activities to be carried out on animals, operators, utensils and areas before, during and after milking. The methodological approach included quantitative and qualitative aspects, using random sampling and descriptive statistics of techniques, methods and instruments, such as Check List and laboratory techniques. As a result of the Check list, 56.91% of the farms did not comply with most aspects of the GMP, affecting the health and hygiene of animals, milk and operators. Before the GMP, 75% negative cases of mastitis were obtained; averages of protein 3.14%, fat 3.68%, total solids 12.46%; 5 farms with acceptable titratable acidity, 1 farm with good and 13 with regular quality by reductase, and an average of 1,075,150 CFU of mesophilic aerobes in the operators. After implementing the GMP, 70% negative cases of mastitis were obtained; averages of protein 3.21%, fat 3.81%, total solids 12.69%; 8 farms with acceptable titratable acidity, by reductase 1 farm with good quality and 17 with regular quality and an average of Mesophilic Aerobes in the operators of 1,040,489 CFU. In response to this, it is proposed to strictly implement the GMP, projecting significant improvements in the production and quality of milk contributing to the development of the farms.