Evaluación de Sistemas Silvopastoriles como Alternativa para la Sostenibilidad de los Recursos Naturales, en la Estación Experimental Central de la Amazonia, del INIAP.

Abstract

At the Experimental Central of the Amazon region of INIAP located in the village la Joya de los Sachas, Orellana province, it has been carried out a study in order to evaluate the silvopastoral systems (SSP) like an alternative to the natural resources sustainability to develop sustainable alternatives aimed to solve the productive necessities of the livestock farms by foresting intensification and recovery of degraded pastures and contributing to decrease the environmental impact resulting from the livestock activity in the Ecuadorian Amazon region. The treatments to be evaluated, were seven SSP, which were formed by a fruit tree Psidium guajava (Guayaba) associated with gramineous plants Brachiaria hibrido (Mulato II) y B. decumbens (Dallis) as control treatments T7 and T6 respectively without the presence of woody shrubs in comparison with the treatments whose components are woody shrubs like Gliricidia sepium (T1), Trichantera gigantea (T2), Flemingia macrophylla (T3), Leucaena leucocephalla (T4), Eritrina sp (T5), these last treatments were associated with guayaba fruit tree and the herbaceous plant mulato II, with three trials per treatments under a completely randomized block design. After the first year of the establishment of these silvopastoral alternatives they do not show strong effects on the physical, chemical and biological soil characteristics furthermore, in the environmental scope they did not show significant differences in the environmental temperature and neither they did in the sequestrum of carbon, while economically, there were big net incomes per year in the SSP T7 (4807,66 USD ha-1 per year-1), T4 (4795,87 USD ha-1 per year1 ), T3 (4642,82 USD ha-1 per year-1), T5 (4608,26 USD ha-1 per year-1), T1 (4334,72 USD ha-1 per year-1) y T2 (4224,48 USD ha-1 per year-1) specially for revealing high amounts of forage production in contrast to SSP T6 (3390,59 USD ha-1 per year-1) which represents the lowest value of net incomes. It is concluded with the fact that the six SSP whose herbaceous component was the mulato II, presented better attributes according to forage yield of the pasture, the adaptive capability and the resilience to grazing frequency related to SSP T6 which had as a herbaceous component the Dallis pasture whose forage production was the lowest according this research.