Aplicación de tres cepas de Trichoderma spp. como medio sostenible y ambientalmente adecuados para mejorar las características físicas del sustrato para granadilla (Passiflora ligularis) bajo condiciones de vivero

Abstract

The cultivation of granadilla has provided a reliable economic and food source for local communities. However, during the ontogenic development stage, plants are susceptible to the attack by various phytopathogenic agents, including Fusarium spp., causing total loss of the plants, where Trichoderma spp. can be considered an ecological option for its control. The aim was to develop the impact of Trichoderma spp. strains as a sustainable and environmentally suitable means to improve the physical characteristics of the substrate for granadilla (Passiflora ligularis) under nursery conditions against the diseases that develop. The methodology consisted of two phases: laboratory and greenhouse; in the laboratory, the reactivation of Trichoderma spp. strains, preparation of inoculums, etc. were carried out; in the greenhouse, Trichoderma spp. applications were carried out at different doses and the behavior of the fungus was evaluated. The variables were evaluated under a DBCA design. In the third inoculation of Trichoderma spp., a lower incidence of Fusarium spp. was presented with the application of Trichoderma harzianum with a dose of 1x106, compared to the rest of the treatments, the same occurred at the fifth inoculation, Trichoderma harzianum showed a better significant effect on variables such as DAC, number of leaves, color, biomass, root length and height. In the final stage, there was greater colonization of Trichoderma harzianum in the substrate. The treatments influenced the initial stage and development of the granadilla plants. It was determined that T. harzianum had a greater effect in the control of Fusarium spp. in plant development and adaptability, while T. hamatum and T. longibrachatum influenced the control of Fusarium spp. less effectively, these findings have important implications for agricultural productivity, offering a deeper understanding of the Trichoderma spp. fungus.