Análisis y selección de un autobús eléctrico mediante la determinación del requerimiento de energía para impulsar movilidad sostenible en una ruta destinada al servicio de transporte urbano en la Ciudad de Riobamba

Abstract

In response to the environmental and mobility challenges faced by Riobamba due to population growth and its effects on traffic, pollution and fossil fuel consumption. This study focuses on evaluating the introduction of electric buses in the city's public transport system. With the legal framework provided by Ecuador's Energy Efficiency Law, which stipulates the electrification of all new transport units as of 2025. The research undertook a comparative analysis of energy demand between electric and diesel buses. Through the application of an On-Board methodology for real-time data collection along urban routes selected for their high energy demand, an exhaustive statistical analysis was carried out. This process made it possible to identify the most representative driving cycle and evaluate the efficiency of the electric bus powertrain under real operating conditions. The findings indicated that line 5 had the highest energy demand, which facilitated a detailed study on the efficiency and feasibility of electric buses, particularly the BYD K9 G model. These vehicles were found to meet energy needs efficiently, outperforming diesel buses in terms of energy consumption and contributing to emissions reduction. However, the research also pointed out the need to develop adequate charging infrastructure and establish regulations to ensure transport safety and reliability. In conclusion, the adoption of electric buses in Riobamba could mean a significant advance towards urban sustainability, improving air quality and the quality of life of its inhabitants, while aligning with national policies on energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction.