Diseño y fabricación de una prótesis mioeléctrica con tres grados de libertad para amputación transradial.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to design and manufacture a myoelectric prosthesis with three degrees of freedom for transradial amputation, for which 3D designs were obtained and adapted to the residual stump of the patient. 3D design and scanning tools were used. By using these tools, 3D models of the socket, forearm, and hand were designed to adapt to the amputated upper limb stump of the patient without the need for a harness or other securing element. By using 3D tools, the articulated mechanisms were designed for the prosthesis elements that generated the three degrees of freedom, and the components that formed the prosthesis were prototyped through additive manufacturing. The activation control for the servomotor was designed with myoelectric signals obtained from the location of the sensors through the patient's muscle contractions, which allowed for generating force and grasping different objects. A testing protocol was developed to validate the mechanisms and proper functioning of the three degrees of freedom. For the analysis of the results, a testing protocol was elaborated to validate the functionality of the prosthesis. This testing protocol helped validate the prosthesis's functioning. It is concluded that the 3D design of the socket and hand of the prosthesis perfectly adapted to the patient's stump. A control system based on myoelectric signals was designed to activate the micro servomotor, thus allowing object grasping. It is recommended to improve the 3D designs, articulate the mechanisms of the prostheses, and update the prototyping methodology with additive manufacturing in resin to explore a variety of materials and reduce printing times.