Determinación del efecto antimicrobiano in vitro del extracto de Equisetum giganteum l. (cola de caballo) sobre el crecimiento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis y Klebsiella pneumoniae

Abstract

The main objective of this research study was to focus on antimicrobial resistance which is a public health problem that threatens the effectiveness of treatments and increases morbidity and mortality associated with infections, the use of medicinal plants, such as Equisetum giganteum L- extract, provides a potential source of effective antimicrobial compounds, this research aimed to determine the in vitro antimicrobial effect of Equisetum giganteum L- extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae using ATCC strains. The extract was obtained by the percolation method, a quantitative and applied approach was used, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out to measure the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extract, it was classified as an experimental study since it involved the controlled manipulation of the independent variable in this case the extract of Equisetum giganteum L., on bacterial strains, subsequently an ANOVA statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the different concentrations of extract on the mentioned strains. The results revealed that the extract samples had an average total ash content of 11.36% and a moisture content of 5.022%, the phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids and triterpenes, most of the fractions showed significant antimicrobial activity, being 750 mg/ml the most potent concentration, the Kirby-Bauer test indicated sensitivity, showing antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Equisetum giganteum L. against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, ANOVA analysis showed that the efficacy of the extract varied depending on the concentration, showing inhibition halos of 3000 mg/ml and 1500 mg/ml at high concentrations. It was concluded that low doses could not be sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth, and it was suggested that Equisetum giganteum L. has considerable potential as an antimicrobial agent under specific concentration conditions.