Evaluación de la actividad antiinflamatoria in vivo en ratones (Mus musculus) del fruto del mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth)

Abstract

Inflammation is a response of the organism, which can be acute or chronic depending on the nature of the affection. To alleviate these affections, synthetic drugs are used without the need for medical prescription but with adverse effects. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of the fruit of Vaccinium floribundum Kunth (Mortiño) to obtain therapeutic alterations. The extracts were made at 96:4, 80:20, 50:50, and 20:80 (ethanol 96%: water) ratios. Utilizing spectrophotometric techniques, total phenols were quantified with gallic acid standard, total flavonoids with quercetin standard, and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH radical method. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by employing the plantar edema technique. The experimental animals (Mus musculus) were divided into 6 groups, each with 5 mice. They were administered 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of the extract. The area of inflammation of the mouse paw was obtained utilizing the imageJ program and thus obtaining the percentage of inhibition. For the statistical analysis of the SPSS, the system ANOVA was used with Tukey-B and Dunnett tests of one factor. The 80:20 ratio extract has a better yield percentage (51.68%). In the quantification of phenols, 46.63 mg EAG/g was obtained, while for total flavonoids 140.57 mgEQ/mL. At the same time, it reached an antioxidant capacity of 53.29 % inhibition of free radicals. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity was determined, being the doses of 100 and 300mg/kg of extract that significantly decreased the inflammation of the mouse paw. It is concluded that the extracts with higher concentrations present a good anti-inflammatory activity. It is recommended to evaluate the toxicity of the different doses.