Diseño de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para el Hospital General Ambato

Abstract

The rapid population growth has intensified the challenge of wastewater treatment, generating environmental concern as well as significant pollution. The aim of this study was to design a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) for Hospital General Ambato, located in Tungurahua province. To achieve the goals, several stages were carried out. First, the flow rate was measured using the volumetric method during 4 consecutive days, from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm. Subsequently, samples were collected based on the NTE INEN 2169:2013 Ecuadorian Technical Standard. These samples were analyzed at the E.P-EMAPA-G Quality Control Laboratory, this allowed identifying certain parameters which exceed the limits specified in Table 8, Annex 1, of TULSMA VI Book. These parameters include BOD5, COD, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, pH, total suspended solids and settleable solids. To determine the treatability of the effluent, tests were conducted using the jar test method with 2% PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) and 0.9% CHEMFLOC. The results determined that approximately 89% of suspended solids, 98% of settleable solids, 96% of COD, 96% of BOD5 and 96% of total nitrogen could be removed. These results support the technical feasibility of the project. The design of the WWTP for the Hospital General Ambato was based on engineering calculations and design criteria. The plant includes manual cleaning grids, homogenization tanks, coagulation-flocculation tanks, and a conventional circular settler. The estimated construction cost of the plant is approximately $17045.36, which covers both, infrastructure and civil engineering which are required for its construction.