Diseño y construcción de un biodigestor para la producción de biogás a partir de estiércol vacuno en la finca “San José” recinto Florida del Toachi, provincia Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas

Abstract

San José farm does not have an adequate management of cattle manure and it is improperly disposed, this causes environmental contamination, bad odor and attracts pests. Therefore, the aim of this research was to design and build a biodigester to obtain biogas from cattle manure in the San José farm, Florida del Toachi precinct, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province. First, the simple random sampling technique was used, for the physicochemical analysis, the manure was collected and placed in sterile flasks to be taken to the laboratory. Next, the biodigester was dimensioned using equations and formulas to calculate the measurements, considering a percentage of 25% for biogas storage. Afterwards, the planimetry was designed with the use of AutoCAD software and then it was built with a PVC tank, PVC piping, stone material, cement and blocks. The dilution ratio of matter and water was established in a 1:1 ratio. The first charge was for adaptation and the second was to start the biogas obtention process with a retention time of 25 days in which, the internal temperature of the biodigester, ambient temperature, pressure, biogas measurement and flame test were monitored. Once the 25-day monitoring process finished, laboratory results showed a good quality biol due to its amber color and absence of odor. In addition, the biogas obtention was also verified when a lit match was brought close to the outlet hose, the gas was ignited and emitted a blue flame. It is concluded that biol and biogas can be obtained using a biodigester from cattle manure, taking into consideration that temperature and retention time were important factors for this process.