Implementación de un módulo didáctico para procesos de fosfatado, lavado y pintura de carrocerías en la línea de fabricación de autobuses.

Abstract

The objective of this degree work was the implementation of a didactic module for phosphating, washing and painting processes of bodies in the bus manufacturing line as this is an easy-to-operate and low-cost module. To implement it, a programmable logic controller (PLC) from the WECON brand model LX5S 1616MR was used, which receives and processes the information from each sensor and actuator, and a supervision, control and data acquisition interface (SCADA) was also developed to visualize the process and control the process manually from that interface, the Modbus communication protocol was used to transfer process data. The inductive sensors are used to detect the bodies in the different stages of the process, however the magnetic sensors are used to detect the pick and place actuator. The actuators used to transport the bodies are a stepper motor, a stepper motor in the gantry, a double-acting cylinder together with a clamp for holding the bodies, a pre-drying fan, a DC motor together with a painting silkscreen, a temperature controller for the drying oven and solenoid valves. The module is composed of four complementary stages starting with the conveyor belt stage, phosphating and washing stage, painting stage and drying stage. The tests carried out for the module were of functionality and production times, giving us total process times of 110.82 seconds. In conclusion, a didactic module was implemented for phosphating, washing and painting processes of bodywork that was educational and easy to operate, with a SCADA system that allows a better visualization of the process and its stages. It is recommended to follow the sequence of flow charts in case of possible errors.