Diseño e implementación de una antena activa en la banda de 28 GHZ para la tecnología 5G.

Abstract

In Ecuador, the lack of antennas adapted to 28 GHz significantly limits the deployment and usefulness of the benefits of 5G network technology. This frequency band is crucial for supporting high-speed applications, low latency, and large connection capacities, which are key characteristics of 5G. Therefore, the objective of this thesis Work addresses the design and implementation of an active antenna for 5G technology in the 28 GHz band. The methodology includes the design of a modified Bow-tie antenna using ellipses, a Quarter-Wave Transformer, and a 50-ohm transmission line useful for impedance matching, and the implementation using the ROGER RT/4003C substrate due to its frequency response and reliable performance under various environmental conditions. For measurements in the 28 GHz band, the Anritsu-MG3690C signal generator, which operates up to 20 GHz, along with a frequency upconverter capable of increasing the frequency to 28 GHz by sending the signal from the transmitting antenna through space to the receiving antenna, and a frequency downconverter that reduces the frequency to 20 GHz, allowing measurements using the Anritsu-MS2724C spectrum analyzer. Through this methodology, a directive radiation pattern at a 0° angle with a power of -60 dB is obtained, and at the rear, with three secondary lobes, with a power of -64 dB, in terms of power. The development of the modified elliptical bow-tie active antenna resolves the critical need for precise and efficient coverage, ensuring rapid data delivery in high-speed applications, reducing latency, and maximizing the performance of the 5G system, thus offering solid connectivity in densely populated urban environments and areas with high data demand.