Evaluación de la tecnología 5G implementada con SDR en la banda FR1 para determinar sus prestaciones.

Abstract

The 5G technology is already a reality in some countries worldwide. However, it is fundamental to analyze how these countries achieved its implementation, which frequencies they used, and what procedures they followed to assess the viability of this technology. Therefore, the research objective is to evaluate the 5G technology implemented with SDR in the FR1 band to determine its performance. A comprehensive review was conducted to understand the Standard and the 5G architecture. A study of the deployment of 5G networks in Asia, Europe, North America, and Latin America was also conducted, where four frequency bands that have already been tested and are currently operational in those locations were identified, as well as the quality evaluation parameters established in current regulations (IMT-2020). Subsequently, a 5G SA network was implemented in a controlled laboratory environment. Through this research, frequencies of 700 MHz (n28), 1800 MHz (n3), 2400 MHz (n40), and 3500 MHz (n78) were evaluated based on coverage thresholds (RSRP, RSRQ, and SNR), transmission speed, and latency, fundamental parameters for determining network quality and availability. It is concluded that lower frequencies, such as 700 MHz, offer much better coverage, albeit at the cost of slower transmission speed and higher latency. As the frequency increases, coverage decreases, but there is a significant increase in transmisión speed and a reduction in latency. The 3500 MHz frequency is the most balanced and optimal for large-scale implementation.