Modelado basado en desarrollo de bajo impacto para la microcuenca del río Chibunga en su trayecto por el área urbana del cantón Riobamba aplicando las herramientas del software PC-SWMM, año 2022

Abstract

The aim of this research was to model the micro-watershed of the Chibunga river based on LID (Low Impact Development) while it flows through the urban area of Riobamba County, applying SWMM software version 5.2.1. tools. This research started with the collection and analysis of primary information sources of LID technologies which were classified as structural and non-structural measures. The necessary input parameters for the modeling of the different scenarios were subsequently defined. They were: hydrological, hydrographic, geological and geomorphological parameters, where geospatial tools such as spatial analysis, 3D spatial analysis, hydrology, slopes and drainage were used in a geographic information database. Hydrological variables such as: precipitation, evaporation and temperature were also analyzed, they were obtained from the ESPOCH-INAMHI meteorological station. Once the hydrological parameters and the characteristics of the micro-watershed were defined, the SWMM 5.2.1 software tools were used to evaluate the behavior of total surface runoff (Total Runoff) expressed in mm related to 4 simulation scenarios: scenario without the incorporation of sustainable LID alternatives, sustainable alternative 1 (green roofs), sustainable alternative 2 (bioretention basins) and sustainable alternative 3 (permeable pavements). Sustainable alternative 3 registered the lowest runoff value related to the other scenarios with a total of 55.25 mm, which was considered as the best sustainable alternative to reduce rainfall runoff, thus becoming the best simulation scenario under study. It is recommended to promote research development in this area to implement sustainable urban projects, since there is limited information on the management of these technologies, which hinders the decision making for future research.