Aplicación de bacillus subtilis como bioinsumo en cultivos de tomate riñón (lycopersicum esculentum) en la comunidad monjas Tunshi, parroquia San Luis.

Abstract

Beefsteak tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) is one is one of the crops with the highest production in the central highlands of Ecuador. In addition, it uses a large amount of agrochemicals for its production, thus generating a deterioration in soil quality and accumulating chemical residues in the fruit. The application of the Bacillus subtilis-based fertilizer replaces or reduces the use of these supplements; therefore, it was applied in the cultivation of beefsteak tomato in a greenhouse located in the Monjas Tunshi community, San Luis rural parish, to obtain a production free of chemical contaminants as well as productivity for farmers. The aim of this research was to elaborate a Bacillus subtilis-based fertilizer, using innovative technologies, with an interdisciplinary approach for the biological control through the application of beneficial microorganisms to reduce high economic costs with the application of agrochemicals in the different stages of the beefsteak tomato crop. The methodology is purely applicative and consisted of preparing dilutions of the Bacillus subtilis original strain in flasks for the drying of the final product. Then, it is activated in rainwater and molasses and applied every 15 days as a foliar application. Data on the physiological and morphological characteristics of the plant was collected, as well as the analysis of the physicochemical parameters of the soil during the diagnostic phase before and after the application of the fertilizer. As a result, the application worked as a biofertilizer for the crop; however, it could also be used as a biopesticide; however, the application method did not benefit the physiological and morphological characteristics of Plot 1. It is recommended to carry out a study focused on the comparison with a control plot as well as the expenses generated by the common production with chemicals.