Perfil epidemiológico de resistencia bacteriana en el Hospital General Pablo Arturo Suárez, Quito

Abstract

The main objective of this research study was to carry out an epidemiological profile of bacterial resistance in the Hospital General Pablo Arturo Suárez of Quito. A nonexperimental quantitative and descriptive correlational study was applied. The sample consisted of 2365 microbiological examinations from the Clinical Laboratory Service of HPAS, within the period January 2020 - December 2021. For data collection, entry was requested from the statistics area, and data matrices were subsequently created using Microsoft Excel 2019. A description of the antibiotic resistance profiles of the microorganisms was identified and a statistical analysis was carried out to determine whether bacterial resistance in the health center increased or remained stable over the two years. Three types of samples used in cultures were identified: urine (33.03% - 45.84%), blood (28.08% - 27.49%), and tracheal secretion or sputum (38.89% - 26.67%). In urine cultures, Escherichia coli was identified as a frequent pathogen in urinary tract infections (72.95% - 70.90%) resistant to Ampicillin (79%); in blood cultures, Staphylococcus epidermidis resistant to Penicillin (100%); in tracheal secretion and sputum samples, Klebsiella pneumoniae with 72% resistance to Ampicillin/Sulbactam. For the statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test and the analysis of homogeneity of variance were used, resulting in the acceptance of the null hypothesis (H0). It is therefore concluded that there has been no increase in antibiotic resistance in HPAS during 2020 compared to 2021. It is recommended to encourage the study of bacterial resistance to increase the evidence on this issue, which is one of the main public health problems in the country.