Alteraciones metabólicas en adolescentes (12-17 años) de la población de la parroquia Punín

Abstract

Metabolic alterations in adolescents are increasing. Besides, they are considered a risk factor and a public health problem that triggers chronic non-communicable diseases that put the lives of this population at risk. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the metabolic alterations in adolescents (12-17 years) of the population of Punín town. This is by determining the glycemic, lipid, and hormonal (insulin) profiles. The methodology implemented had a qualitative and quantitative approach. A non-experimental design of transversal type was used since the described variables were not manipulated, and it was developed in a determined period. Seventy-two samples were selected, blood extractions were performed and then processed by immunoassay, considering limits through the SPSS.V.6 statistical package. Then, sample absorbance readings and risk factors were correlated through the tabulation of the participants' survey. The clinical results showed that out of 72 samples, 90.3% presented hypertriglyceridemia, 30.6% hypercholesterolemia, 12.5% hyperglycemia, and 44.4% low HDL cholesterol values. The risk factors of this rural community were also determined such as restricted access to an efficient health system, socioeconomic level, exhausting lifestyles, and poor dietary habits. 13.9% were suspected of having insulin resistance, 23.6% presented mixed dyslipidemia, and 34.7% had high VLDL values. It was concluded that the percentage of adolescents with metabolic alterations was high (90.3%) due to the high consumption of simple carbohydrates, and saturated fats, poor consumption of vegetables and fresh fruits, and the existence of a poor health system in the community for early detection of these pathologies.