Evaluación del uso racional de antibióticos en el área de medicina interna del Hospital General IESS Riobamba

Abstract

The main objective of this research study was to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics in the internal medicine area of the Hospital General Riobamba-IESS. The design used was nonexperimental, observational, descriptive, and retrospective, where 247 clinical records of hospitalized patients were collected during the period July-December 2021. The data result in a population between 18 +/- 65 years old, of which 43.72% were female and 56.28% were male. The most prevalent conditions were respiratory diseases with 26.4% and diseases of the genitourinary system with 23.85%. Among the most prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone at 20.44% and Azithromycin at 10.10%. It is worth mentioning that combined therapy was the therapy of choice with 64.4 %, during the treatments. In addition, it was identified that the most relevant DRPs were dose interactions with 55.36%. The most frequent dose interactions between antibiotics were Ampicillin + Sulbactam and clarithromycin (19.32%; n=17); Azithromycin and Amoxicillin (13.64%; n=12); Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid and Clarithromycin (11.36%; n=10), the interactions between antibiotics and other drugs with the highest percentage were clarithromycin and dexamethasone (13.27%; n=13). 65. 75 % of the prescriptions showed high compliance with the protocol issued by the Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) of Ecuador, and 22.47 % did not comply with the recommendations of the MSP. Finally, socialization was conducted for health personnel in the area of internal medicine on the appropriate use of antibiotics. Therefore, it is recommended to continue training health personnel, through tools and guidelines that promote the rational use of medicines.