Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de red con nodos inteligentes para supervisar en tiempo real la calidad del suelo.

Abstract

In this research, a network prototype with intelligent nodes was designed and built to monitor soil quality in real-time. It is made up of two sensor nodes and a receiver node. The Arduino development board, temperature, humidity, pH, salinity sensors, nrf24l01 transceiver antennas, Global Positioning System (GPS) modules, the solar panel were used. In the software part, a local webserver with the NodeJS tool was implemented. The MySQL database was used for information storage. Web pages were designed to display data from the sensors and geographic coordinates in real-time. The sensor node provides information about soil parameters such as temperature, humidity, pH, and salinity, geographic coordinates in latitude and longitude. This information is sent wirelessly through radio frequency antennas to the receiving node, and then the information is displayed in real-time through the web page. At the end, a text message is sent detailing the time, the calculated average, and some crops that can be sown. Tests were carried out in four –land in Riobamba canton showing these results: 21%, 36%, 60%, and 65%, respectively. Laboratory analyzes of the soil samples were carried out in the Soil Laboratory of the Faculty of Natural Resources at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. The data collected during the study shows that it is a practical, portable, and very useful system since it can be implemented in any field, showing reliable and fast data. It is recommended to use modern systems such as artificial intelligence to automatically learn more optimal fertility levels using algorithms regardless of the plant type or soil type and look for fertilizer recommendations if necessary.