Diseño agronómico de un sistema de riego parcelario para el Proyecto Chambo – Guano, Fase II, para la comunidad Chingazos, Módulo 3, cantón Guano.

Abstract

The objective was to elaborate the agronomic design of a parcel irrigation system for the Chambo - Guano Phase II project, for the Chingazos Alto community, module 3 canton Guano, it started by generating a baseline of information in which the physical properties of the soil were characterized, determining a loamy sand texture, field capacity of 8.52%, permanent wilting point 4.46%, bulk density of 1.42 gcm-3, infiltration rate of 86.76 mmh-1. The net irrigation lamina was determined to be 36.36 mm, a gross replenishment lamina of 21.39 mm with an irrigation threshold of 50%. The average interpolated potential evapotranspiration is 109.86 mmmes-1, the probable precipitation at 60% interpolated is 26.01 mmmes-1. The crop pattern determined eight crops classified as short-cycle (corn, chocho) and perennial (strawberry, alfalfa, lemon, blackberry, prickly pear, guarango). The short-cycle crop coefficient for corn was 1.04 and 1.05 for chocho, while perennial crops had a Kc of 1.06. The highest weighted net requirement was 2.58 mmdia-1 in January. The selected irrigation method was mini-sprinkler (85%). The predominant age group is in the range of 41-50 years, 51.3% are self-employed, 85% of the inhabitants have a house. The water for human consumption comes in 80% from piped water, while the remaining 20% comes from wells, 71% of people have electricity, 70% have septic tank. The lemon crop presented the highest net benefit in the two scenarios, without project 11692.63 USD, with project 311042.48 USD. The agronomic design determined the irrigated area per shift of 1.30 ha shift -1, an irrigation of 5.18 ha day-1, the system will operate 12 h day-1, 4 shifts per day will be maintained, the irrigation time per shift is 3 h shift-1, with an irrigation frequency of every 7 days, the modular flow rate is 25.5 ls-1. A study area of 36.27 net hectares under irrigation was concluded, the families present a considerable degree of poverty due to the precarious attention in the demand for basic services. The development limitations are the lack of access to irrigation, as well as the absence of designs, the amount of water available is 34.80 Ls-1 guaranteeing the efficient development of the project. It is recommended that the study conducted should be used and included in the project portfolio due to its profitability over a 10-year period.