Prevalencia de alteraciones tiroideas y su correlación con factores de riesgo en los comerciantes del mercado la esperanza de la ciudad de riobamba

Abstract

The main objective of this research study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid disorders and their correlation to risk factors in the merchants of the grocery market "La Esperanza" in the city of Riobamba. Through the search for bibliographic information, the detail of the results concluded the prevalence and incidence of data that have been increasing over the years, in the country the data was scarce. The investigation was carried out by obtaining the necessary permits for the socialization of the study, with a sample of 90 people, surveys were applied and blood samples were taken for analysis in the Laboratory of Biochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of the Faculty of Sciences. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA). In the results, 17 thyroid disorders were found, which were characterized, by 12 cases of subclinical hypothyroidism (13%) and primary hyperthyroidism (6%) with 5 cases, predominantly female. Statistical analysis was performed using Kendall's Tau-b test and Chi-square for the correlation of thyroid pathologies with risk factors, the null hypothesis was rejected for body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, stress, diet, junk food consumption, and exercise. While the null hypothesis was accepted, for age, gender, background, alcohol, and tobacco. The results were disseminated, to the merchants with informative material creating awareness about carrying out the control of the thyroid gland. This study stressed the importance of prevention and early detection of thyroid diseases; however, it is recommended to start with national and regional research that helps improve the quality of life and well-being of people.